The level of employee job satisfaction is central in the human resource management within private sector corporations. This is because employee job satisfaction has a direct bearing on an individual employee’s productivity, the quality of the products and services rendered, and overall organizational performance. The primary objective of this study is to test the relevance and influence of five facets (i-e pay, promotion, co-worker, supervision, work environment) on the employee job satisfaction in private corporate sectors of Pakistan. The results show that out of five facets, four (i.e. pay, promotion, supervision and work environment) are significantly and positively related with job satisfaction of employees in the private sector corporations of Pakistan. Work environment was found to be the most significant factor in determining employee job satisfaction, followed by pay package. However, co-worker variable was not found significantly associated with employee job satisfaction. Finally, it is evidenced that the overall employees working in private sector corporations of Pakistan had a moderate level of satisfaction with the five facets of job satisfaction.

This research aims at analyzing the legal implication of policies to reduce the unpaid work and suggest policies measures for decision planners. This paper reviews some of the implemented policies in western and South Asian Countries and concluded that gender gap in terms of labour market which may affect women’s socio-economic decision at household level. The state can play an important role in the implementing fair legislation policies to support a more equal distribution of responsibilities between men and women.

After the implementation of TQM concepts in Education, the status of students has changed. Now the students are considered consumers of education. This proposition about student consumerism is much debated. The concept of consumerism leads to the analysis of many important issues about product and consumer satisfaction. However, less is discussed about the impact of consumerism on students. This paper attempts to critically analyze the issue from the perspective of its impact on students. This paper attempts to analyze the important concept of student consumerism by discussing its impact on students in higher education. The main objective of the study is to find out how the concepts of student consumerism influence the students as they are considered the main element of education system.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the problems of Pakistani federation vis-à-vis its basic principles, theotrical foundations, and to explore various ways that causes nationalism and conflict within its geographical units/provinces. It also examines the factors which are responsible for the emergence of Baloch nationalism and conflict(s) within the Pakistani federation. The main argument of this paper revolves around the principles and practices of Pakistani federation and opines that there are weaknesses in the federation of Pakistan which could be held responsible for the emergence of Baloch nationalism and conflict in Balochistan. However, it also suggests ways in which the smaller ethno-national groups could easily be accommodated in Pakistani federation through democratic dispensation.

This paper proposes the development of intercultural communication through drama. Teaching English through dramatic presentation will help students to learn the skills of the language efficiently in Pakistan. English is argued to be the language of power and opportunities in Pakistan but because of unsuccessful and faulty language policy on the part of successive governments, English has not achieved victorious status in Pakistan. The government run schools, having been affected by the poor language policy, produce the students having poor English language skills whereas compared to the students from private English medium institutions have improved language skills. This paper argues that engaging learners in dramatic performance is an effective approach to both intercultural communication development and foreign language learning. This paper, first, briefly discusses the importance of English in Pakistan; second, it discusses the significance of literature in cultivating intercultural awareness. This paper, then, illustrates approaches to develop intercultural communication through drama. Finally, this paper advocates the use of drama to develop intercultural communication and teach English as foreign language in Pakistani context. It is suggested that, in the given situation, drama can serve as an effective approach for foreign language learning in Pakistan.

One of the most controversial issues encountered by 21st century corporate manager is to identify optimal mix of financing sources in capital structure. There have been numerous existing capital structure theories predicting the behaviour of financing patterns and preferences of a corporation but there has not yet been universally accepted one. The results of panel data regression in this study show that age, size, growth, profitability, asset tangibility, business risk and Non debt Tax Shields (NDTS) are significant determinants of leverage ratio of domestic corporations operating in Pakistan. It is evidenced that majority of the important determinants to leverage ratio behave as per predictions of trade off theory of capital structure. The findings of this study have great implications to corporate managers, credit managers of lending institutions, government policymakers, investment analysts, investors, researchers, and academicians.

This study aims to identify the problems faced by foreign students in Jamshoro Education City. There are three universities in Jamshoro Education City which are MUET (Mehran University of Engineering and Technology), LUHMS (Liaquat University of Health and Medical Sciences) and University of Sindh. In these three universities, ten to fifteen foreign countries students are studying in different departments, so for knowing the intake of admissions of foreign students either increasing and decreasing from 2001-2009 and Identification of foreign student’s problems aids management to over grave challenges of educational sectors to facilitate international students. Problem refers to a complex situation which cripples mentality of foreign students, whereas problem solving has needed the performance in the shape of information, decision making and actions for solve the problems easily without any huge lose. This research proposes changes can be incorporated at Jamshoro Education City. In this research problems have been identified by using the frame work which includes the views of different authors. The components of framework are Cultural problems, Language Problems, Infrastructure Problems and Food Problems. This research analyzes the current educational systems of universities and adopting new trends to improve this educational system of universities. In addition these admission trend lines elaborate those reasons which caused foreign students to leave the Jamshoro Education City, due to certain problems, will also be studied. The study also discusses the mismanagement of these kinds of problems may affect the intake of foreign students at Jamshoro Education City into decline.

Balochistan is one of the borderlands of subcontinent and it remained out of the colonial control of British Raj until the emergence of The Great Game. British Raj was not interested in the control of barren lands of Balochistan as it would not give them any economic benefit. As the dawn of 20th century brought global changes in the colonial politics and emergence of Russian colonies in Central Asia become a direct threat to British colony of India, Resultantly, Balochistan became important because of its strategic location. Then Balochistan was colonized (directly and indirectly) by Raj. As the colonial role started in this part of South Asia, it also introduced western concepts of politics and governance at very limited level. The present paper is an attempt to find the genesis of organized politics and birth of political parties in Balochistan with especial focus on the role of these parties in the freedom movement against British Raj during colonial period.

Study was carried out to examine the education programs for teacher preparation in Japan and analyze the practical viability of these programs for development of effective teacher in Pakistan and a comprehensive analysis of teaching system in Pakistan was carried out. It was noted that the criteria for appointment of elementary level teacher is not realistic, they are not subjected to initial aptitude, their academic quality is not taken into account, having no sense of even ordinary classroom management and having no motivation towards this national cause of child education and its future development. The teachers posted at the schools have never been evaluated for their attitude and teaching performance and they have no fair of any sort of accountability. Teacher motivation process did not exist in the system, and due to lack of motivation the teachers always complaining for non-existence of some allowances and incentives apart from a handsome salary package. If there is some reality with the claims of teachers about allowances and incentives, redress is needed, because issues either these are realistic or not but causing annoyance and lack of motivation; and these factors have partial contribution to failing the system. Under these circumstances, the institutions are inherently the part of the problems, and such problems will remain unsolved even after provision of thousand hours of pre-service and in-service teacher training. The teacher preparation system adopted in Japan may feasibly and successfully be executed in Pakistan if university graduates with strong academic background are selected on the basis of high score in aptitude test and they are sent for teacher training at least for a period of 3 years before joining the school. The appointment of teachers demands 100% merit without accepting the regional, political, religious and ethnic influences. These quality teachers may be given one year professional/specialization training and the teachers must not be posted in their home district, but they may be entertained with attractive package of salary and allowances considering family welfare and other short and long term benefits. There is no problem with the adoption of Japanese teacher training system in Pakistan, but the administrative, social and political hindrances will need to be eradicated.

The present study is an empirical attempt investigates the link between training and performance and examine how does the linkage impacts the levels of training and performance in organizations. Four intellectual hypothesis were developed to show the significant impact of independent variables on the overall organizational performance. These hypothesis explored from the comprehensive literature review of human resources management. A survey questionnaire of five point Likert measuring scale ranging from “1=strongly agree to 5= strongly disagree” was employed to collect the primary data from four leading international organizations engaged in the banking industries in the United Arab Emirates. Different statistical techniques such as; arithmetic mean, standard deviation, two sample t-test and correlation were used with the aid of SPSS software to achieve the study objectives. The analytical analysis shows a vital link between training and performance and is a critical function to business practices and goals achievement. The statistical results also indicate that the organizational performance can be influenced significantly and positively by the candidate’s proper selection, effective training programs, personnel loyalty and sound rewards system within organizations. The results of the present study may provide the personnel management and the decision makers with significant information to assist them significantly in the modern business practices.

In the modern world, welfare of any community is one of the main objectives of any state Therefore it is possible to put emphasis on economic and Islamic norms. For achieving successful implementation of the program and policies for any nation, economic and Islamic welfare are the key ingredients required. However, the social and economic frame work under Islam is a comprehensive, harmonious, well integrated, holistic system. This paper compares the norms of Islamic and economic welfare. The article also focuses on the basic teaching of Islam in the context of welfare by quoting some Ayats. The paper also indicates the past and present situation of the world under the umbrella of welfare before First World War and Great Depression. It puts light on the studies of various economists, Islamic scholars, Muslims thinker and Jurists.

Tourism industry is a catalyst to bring socio-economic wellbeing to the massis particularly in the developing countries. The main objective of this paper is to examine the issues and challenges faced by Pakistan Tourism Market (PTM) through the application of SWOT (Strength, weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. One of the greatest strengths of PTM is found to be enriched cultural heritage and availability of quality tourist products and services at economical rate. However, the chief weakness is said to be untrained & unskilled labor force, and poor tourist infrastructure. Whereas, the most serious threat to PTM is worsening law & order situation, and political instability. It was further found that Pakistan has the tremendous opportunities in its tourism industry which can be capitalized, therefore, government should put tourism market at priority with respect to allocation of adequate budget to build tourism infrastructure and to devise focused promotional strategies to uplift the image of Pakistan as an attractive tourist destination.

This paper aims to investigate the impact of the adoption of quality assurance mechanisms in higher Education Institutions (HEIs) i.e. Universities in Jamshoro Education City (JEC). This analysis is based upon the data collected through various proforma utilized by Quality Enhancement Cells (QECs) to conduct self-assessment of degree programs offered in Universities. These proforma are part of self-assessment manual provided by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC). To evaluate the impact of quality assurance mechanism on quality of education, the viewpoint of JEC’s students is investigated through in-depth survey and interviews. As per identified parameters, it is found that the HEC’s quality enhancement policy is not implemented at the required pace. Once the required standards are implemented appropriately then the quality of higher education in JEC can be enhanced drastically.

Positive attitude towards science is recognized as significant for teachers to inculcate optimum level of interest among students towards scientific endeavors. This exploratory field seeks quality teachers, who possess global knowledge as well as positive approach towards science. The present study reflects the attitude of prospective teachers towards science and teaching of science in Sindh. Quantitative research methodology is used. Within this domain, case survey method is adopted. Population includes all the prospective teachers of Sindh. Through criterion sampling, University of Sindh Jamshoro is chosen as case. Sample size n=100 prospective teachers is drawn from the Department of Education through convenient sampling. Data is collected using two Attitude Scales, i.e., Attitude towards Science (ATS) and Attitude towards Teaching of Science (ATTS). These scales were adapted and piloted in the local context. Findings are analyzed using tables and basic statistics. Findings revealed that overall, respondents have positive attitude towards science and teaching of science. Although their attitude is optimistic, yet they highlighted the existing gaps in the policy and curricula, which fail to prepare them towards global teaching methodologies and strategies. In addition, prospective teachers are keen to teach science with positivity, but lack of availability of resources hamper their preparedness towards bringing innovation into their teaching. There are few clashes of ideas among them towards science and teaching of science, which echo the need to strengthen their knowledge and skills. The researchers suggest integration of global knowledge with practical components in the science curricula of teacher education. Theoretical and outdated components should be replaced with current knowledge and skills. In this regard, HEC must loop in all the expert science teachers for their valuable feedbacks. More research studies such as content analysis of science courses should be conducted to identify gaps in science education. Scholarships and research opportunities should also be extended for science educators.

This paper investigates high school students’ information and knowledge regarding phonological sounds through English words (sound), which are used in newspapers, media, text books and education in Sindh. The study focused on the phonological differentiation between the Sindhi speakers and native speakers according to Received Pronunciation (RP). The findings of the study suggested that Sindhi English is a kind of variety within the Pakistani English variety. It was also identified that Sindhi speakers pronounce English words in a completely different ways, as compared to native speakers of English and first language has a great influence on the pronunciation of second language.

The floods 2010 is being deemed as one among the biggest natural disasters in the human history given the magnitude of losses to human lives and the economic damages to the livelihoods of the people affected. This flood affected 22 million people directly and indirectly inundating 20% of the area of Pakistan. The effect of floods was deeper and colossal in the several districts of Sindh province. These districts include Kandhkot-Kashmore, Jacobabad, Shikarpur and Qamber-Shahdadkot, Dadu and Thatta. Present study has estimated welfare loss to the households of the flood affected districts of Kandhkot-Kashmore, Jacobabad, Shikarpur and Qamber-Shahdadkot as the worst affected districts in the province. Here fall in the household budget shares allocated to the selected food items has been taken as the proxy for the welfare loss. Marshallian household demand equations of the selected food items have been estimated using Ordinary Least Squares Method. Official sources of international and national organizations and institutions have been intensively exhausted for time series data from 2004 to 2013. The estimated welfare loss has been as high as the -22% in the budget share in 2010 in the selected districts. Further, the loss in budget shares has been reliable and valid as the previous literature suggests that there was a rise in the food prices by 17% approximately during the same time in the flood affected areas.

Human resource management has evolved a lot during the couple of past decades. Now it takes more care of the human capital. The concept of human capital is a new term coined during this millennium. Human resource management deals with employees considering their human behavior which includes the positive as well as negative attributes, their strengths as well as weaknesses. While the organization benefits from employees strengths, it trains them to remove the weaknesses. Motivation plays a pivotal role in this respect. It is said that motivation is the single most important factor for job performance. We have analyzed this factor in our study through literature review and a primary survey. The survey was conducted in head office of Sui Southern Gas Company Limited, Karachi. While the key factors give and impression of the motivation level of the employees. The result shows that Sui gas employees are living in a state where satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not clear in their minds. Although factors of satisfaction and dissatisfaction have been graded by them in the graphs stated above. These factors or independent variables were not related to the dependent variables for any conclusive comment.